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In more recent decades, police agencies that employed the stings defended them as an effective way of responding to complaints about areas well-known for public hook-ups. The fear that other men would follow suit led the city to temporarily ban the sale of toxic substances, The Times reported. Soon after the arrests, one of the men, a prominent banker and church officer, committed suicide by ingesting cyanide.
Long Beach’s mayor and police chief awarded Warren and Brown a proclamation that said their work “rid the city of a dangerous class which threatened the morals of the youth of the community.” In 1914, The Times reported on an operation in which the two helped arrest 31 men accused of engaging in gay sex at private clubs in Long Beach. They were paid for each arrest and offered their services to other major cities, she said. The pair had no prior police training but were given police badges in both cities. Brown, “vice specialists” who loitered in public restrooms and other areas while carrying out so-called “purity campaigns” aimed at gay men in Long Beach and Los Angeles, Faderman wrote, adding that their methods served as a model for stings throughout Southern California. The use of undercover cops to target gay men in Southern California stretches back to the early 20th century, when gay sex was illegal, said Lillian Faderman, a historian and author of “Gay L.A.: A History of Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, and Lipstick Lesbians.” “You still have to enforce the law when you get complaints,” he said. While lewd conduct complaints have dropped dramatically in recent years, Neiman said stings have been used to shut down persistent hotspots for gay cruising and lewd acts 11 times since 2014.Ĭomplaints often come from people concerned about sex acts in public places, namely libraries and residential streets, where children could stumble upon people engaged in a lewd act, Neiman said. In 2007, the agency revamped its lewd conduct policy to tell officers that stings should be used only “as a last resort.”īut when alternative tactics fail, the department has no choice but to deploy decoy officers, said Capt. LAPD officials say they have made a point of carrying out undercover operations less frequently in recent years. “We really refocused our efforts on those other crimes where we have a victim.” Merrill Ladenheim, who heads the agency’s human trafficking task force. bureau should have been engaged in, namely sex trafficking and sexual exploitation,” said Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Cmdr. “Bottom line is, there were much better things that the vice. Departments will now post uniformed officers near cruising hotspots or improve lighting and trim trees and bushes in areas known for public sex. Some cities have found alternative ways to tackle the problem of cruising - the act of searching for anonymous public sex. These officials said they came to view the stings as ineffective or unnecessary after noticing a sharp drop-off in complaints about public sex during an age when men can easily find sexual partners through the Internet and dating apps such as Grindr. Representatives for each said their departments had not used such undercover stings in years. The Times contacted police officials in San Jose, Anaheim, Glendale, San Francisco, Bakersfield, Beverly Hills and Laguna Beach, among other agencies. Many law enforcement agencies have stopped in response to lawsuits or after political backlash. Last month, a Los Angeles County judge threw out the charges in one case stemming from Long Beach’s 2014 operation, saying police were discriminating against gay men. In some cases, judges found no crime had occurred because the undercover officer conveyed sexual interest to the target and no one else was present to be offended by the lewd conduct. You just want them to stop.”Ĭourts also have raised questions about the stings, invalidating a number of prosecutions in various parts of the state. “Criminalizing them isn’t really justice. “Nobody is going to defend lewd conduct, but there is a qualitative difference between sexual predators and people who engage in boorish behavior,” said Los Angeles County Assessor Jeffrey Prang, who is gay and a former special assistant in the Sheriff’s Department who worked with its LGBT advisory council. Some have lost their jobs or committed suicide. Under state law, people who are convicted of indecent exposure must register as sex offenders and face possible jail time. Los Angeles County Assessor Jeffrey Prang Nobody is going to defend lewd conduct, but there is a qualitative difference between sexual predators and people who engage in boorish behavior.